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TOEFL Directory > TOEFL writing > TOEFL Reading Class Unit 1_Passage 8_Question 78-88
TOEFL Reading Class Unit 1_Passage 8_Question 78-88
You have about 15 minutes to finish this passage.
First,use about 3-4 minutes to read the passage, try to understand the main idea of this passage.
Don't read it so slowly or try to remember all details.You need to do "fast reading",and "scan" the passage.
Second, read questions 1-11, and with questions you go back the passage again and look for correct answers.
Questions 78-88
Passage 8
The importance of strength in many sports is undeniable. It is so important that many university and professional teams now hire a specialized coach who only attends to the development of strength in athletes. It is interesting to note that no such specialist is hired to attend to the other components of physical fitness. We have yet to see a cardiovascular coach, a coach who attends to developing fitness of the heart and blood vessels, hired by universities or professional teams. This situation raises the question of the relative importance of each of these two components, strength training and cardiovascular training, to the other. Does the strength coach develop the cardiovascular system by prescribing a program to increase muscle fiber?
It is theoretically possible to design a weight-lifting program in which the resistance is so low and the repetitions so numerous that it provides the cardiovascular benefits of a running program. Therefore, if you view weights as a way to overload muscles, you can imagine a continuum of programs that emphasize cardiovascular benefits on the one extreme and strength on the other. The practical truth of the matter is that most coaches are primarily concerned with pure strength. Therefore, the athlete has to work on the end of the weight-overload continuum that promotes little, if any, cardiovascular benefit. In fact, one study has found that a high-intensity strength program reduced mitochondrial density (density of the cellular structures that produce energy in the muscle fiber) per unit of muscle. The athletes increased muscle mass, so they did not eliminate mitochondria presumably, but the fact remains that the oxidative capacity, the ability to use oxygen in the synthesis of energy, was not promoted. Oxidative capacity would usually improve in programs that stress cardiovascular conditioning. Neither increased blood flow nor increased mitochondrial density (both indicators of oxygen extraction) occur with strength training.
Obviously, there is nothing wrong with training athletes to gain strength, but in most strength programs cardiovascular improvements are not made. Therefore, for athletes, who require both strength and cardiovascular conditioning, both components must be trained independently.
78. What is the main point of the passage?
a) College and professional teams do not need specialized coaches.
b) Strength training should be replaced by cardiovascular training.
c) Cardiovascular training is more difficult than strength training.
d) Athletes need both strength and cardiovascular training.
79. The word prescribing in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) accepting
b) assigning
c) releasing
d) expecting
80. Under which of the following conditions can a weight-lifting program provide cardiovascular benefits?
a) When the weights are very heavy
b) When the weights are lifted very slowly
c) When lifting a heavy weight overtires the muscles
d) When light weights are lifted a large number of times
81. The word it in the passage refers to
a) cardiovascular system
b) muscle fiber
c) weight-lifting program
d) resistance
82. Why does the author mention running?
a) To give an example of the benefits of strength training
b) To demonstrate what a typical weight program includes
c) To give an example of an activity that provides cardiovascular conditioning
d) To demonstrate the importance of oxygen extraction
83. The word promotes in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) agrees with
b) advertises
c) designs
d) contributes to
84. Which of the following is an important direct result of cardiovascular training?
a) Improved oxidative capacity
b) Increased muscle fiber
c) Decreased mitochondrial density
d) Increased body weight
85. The word indicators in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) kinds
b) signs
c) problems
d) requirement
86. The word Obviously in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) clearly
b) directly
c) easily
d) possibly
87. The word components in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) elements
b) effects
c) perspectives
d) values
88. Which of the following policies would the author be most likely to support?
a) Sports teams should increase their strength-training programs.
b) All athletes should be able to choose the kinds of training they prefer.
c) Sports teams should provide improved cardiovascular training.
d) All athletes should avoid strength training in order to avoid injury.
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