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TOEFL Directory > TOEFL writing > TOEFL Reading Class Unit 1_Passage 12_Question 122-132
TOEFL Reading Class Unit 1_Passage 12_Question 122-132
You have about 15 minutes to finish this passage.
First,use about 3-4 minutes to read the passage, try to understand the main idea of this passage.
Don't read it so slowly or try to remember all details.You need to do "fast reading",and "scan" the passage.
Second, read questions 1-11, and with questions you go back the passage again and look for correct answers.
Questions 122-132
Passage 12
Capuchin monkeys have been observed using tools in a broad variety of contexts, but their use of tools had been limited to the application of a single type of tool to solve a specific problem. In a recent study, however, researchers observed caged capuchins using a tool set, which is defined as different types of objects used sequentially to achieve a goal. Nine capuchins were divided into two groups. The capuchins were presented with an apparatus designed to accommodate the use of pounding tools to crack walnuts and the use of probing tools to loosen and extract their nutmeat.
The apparatus in the study was a plastic container with an opening two centimeters wide on top. At the onset of each trial, a walnut was placed atop a pedestal inside the container so that it protruded slightly through the opening. Two stones and four sticks were provided on the cage floor. Thirty trials were conducted with each group of capuchins over a two-week period. A trial began when a capuchin approached the container and ended when the animal no longer showed interest in the task. An observer noted each "bout,?or each time that a capuchin placed a stone or stick in contact with a walnut, and whether the bout involved pounding, probing, or another type of action. A bout began when a capuchin placed an object in contact with a walnut and ended when the animal discarded the implement. The observer also noted the instant a walnut was first cracked within each trial.
Three of the capuchins used stones to crack the walnuts and sticks to loosen and extract their nutmeat. They cracked the walnuts by repeatedly pounding them with stones, loosened the nutmeat by inserting sticks into small shell cracks, and extracted the nutmeat by inserting sticks into the shell openings and removing it. The six capuchins that did not use tools obtained some food by retrieving nutmeat dropped by the other capuchins or left in the apparatus. The three capuchins that used stones and sticks to exploit walnuts did so in 59 of the 60 trials. The results of the study provide further evidence of the extensive tool-using capabilities of capuchin monkeys.
122. What does the passage mainly discuss?
a) Tools used by researchers to study capuchins Food
b) preferences of capuchins
c) The use of a tool set by capuchins
d) The emotional impact of captivity on capuchins
123.The word contexts in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) settings
b) choices
c) behaviors
d) objects
124. What was the total number of capuchins in the study?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Six
d) Nine
125. The word accommodate in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) represent
b) allow for
c) consider
d) break open
126. The word it in the passage refers to
a) trial
b) walnut
c) pedestal
d) container
127. What event marked the beginning of a trial?
a) A capuchin approaching the apparatus
b) A capuchin placing an object in contact with a walnut
c) A capuchin probing a walnut with a stick
d) A capuchin losing interest in a walnut
128. Which of the following best describes the organization of paragraph 2 of the passage?
a) The reasons for conducting a study are listed.
b) The results of one study are compared to the results of another study.
c) The process involved in a study is described.
d) The conclusions drawn from a study are provided.
129. The word pounding in the passage is closest in meaning to
a) throwing
b) chewing
c) dropping
d) hitting
130. How did the capuchins that did not use tools obtain food?
a) By picking up nutmeat left behind by other capuchins
b) By chewing on the walnut to crack it open
c) By climbing the pedestal to retrieve the walnut
d) By shaking the cage until the walnut dropped
131. What do the results of the study demonstrate?
a) Capuchins do not necessarily need to have a goal to use a tool set.
b) Capuchins use tools sets less readily than other kinds of monkeys do.
c) Capuchins are able to use different types of tools sequentially to achieve a goal.
d) Capuchins will use stones and sticks interchangeably to break open walnuts.
132. What information about the study is NOT provided by the author?
a) What the components of the apparatus in the study were.
b) What the capuchins that used the tool set were trying to obtain
c) In how many trials the capuchins used the tool set
d) An account that explains why some of the capuchins failed to use the tool set
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